Short-selling , whereby investors gain if shares or bonds decline .

卖空，即一旦股票或国债价格下跌投资者就会获益。

Tri-party collateral management , whereby a third bank acts an intermediary between a buyer and seller , is another growth area for custodians .

借以第三方银行作为借贷双方的中间人的三方担保管理是管理人的另一发展领域。

Europe 's most senior officials presented a compromise before this week 's summit , whereby financial , economic and political union would move in parallel .

在本周峰会前，欧洲的最高官员们提出了一项妥协方案，即金融、经济和政治联盟可以并驾齐驱。

Most fundamentally , the practice of pure proprietary trading whereby banks bet their own money dealing in anything from gold to greek bonds is being outlawed in the us within two years .

最根本的是，美国将在两年时间里逐步取缔纯粹的自营交易活动通过此类交易，银行可以利用自有资金从事任何交易，从黄金到希腊债券。

Second , many swiss banks have recognised that the traditional offshore model whereby rich foreigners opened accounts that were never declared at home would encounter rising resistance abroad .

其次，许多瑞士银行已认识到，传统的离岸模式富裕的外国人借此开设账户，从来不在其母国申报会遭遇他国日益强烈的抵制。