Objective to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness and the clinical risk of excessive drainage by thoracentesis .

目的观察超量排放胸水的治疗效果及临床风险。

Anatomical base and clinical application of thoracic drainage and thoracentesis through first intercostal space .

经第1肋间隙胸腔穿刺引流的解剖学基础及应用。