Glucose enters the rbc by an insulin-independent mechanism , and most is metabolized to produce atp and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ( nadh ) .

葡萄糖通过胰岛素依赖机制进入红细胞，大多数经代谢产生atp，和还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（nadh）。

Recent studies have shown that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ( nad ) is not only a co-enzyme in cellular oxidation-reduction reactions , but also a substrate for reactions catalyzed by mono ( adp-ribose ) transferases , poly ( adp-ribose ) polymerases and acetylase , and it play important roles in numerous cellular physiologic functions .

研究显示，烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸不但是细胞氧化还原的辅酶，而且是单腺苷酸二磷酸核糖转移酶、多聚单腺苷酸二磷酸核糖聚合酶和去乙酰化酶的底物，在多种细胞生理学功能中起重要作用。