Examines after the gastroscope pliers and brus hes examines , to distinguishes the esophagus good , the malignant pathological ch ange has the vital significance .

经胃镜钳检和刷检，对鉴别食管良、恶性病变有重要意义。

Their origins go back to work published in 1983 by louis brus , then at bell labs , in new jersey , though it was several years before another physicist , mark reed at yale university , described these tiny semiconductor clumps as " quantum dots " .

其最初的原型要追溯到路易斯布鲁斯于1983年在美国新泽西州贝尔实验室发表的研究成果，尽管几年前另一位名叫马克里德的耶鲁大学物理学家已经将这些微型的块状半导体描述为“量子点”。