Despite high inflation in the meantime , many countries restored their pre-war gold parities .

尽管通胀十分严重，许多国家恢复了战前的金平价。

Governments are then free to make their own policy choices without being dictated to by international busybodies intent on preserving artificial parities or currency unions .

届时各国政府可以自由地做出自己的政策选择，而不用听从国际上那些意在维护人为汇率或货币联盟的人的指手画脚。

These incomes are converted not at market exchange rates , but at purchasing-power parities ( ppps ) , taking account of the higher cost of living in japan .

这些收入不是按照市场汇率换算的，而是按照平均购买力计算的，把在日本更高的生活成本考虑了进去。

In 2003 michael dooley of the university of california , santa cruz , with david folkerts-landau and peter garber of deutsche bank argued that a de facto dollar standard prevailed in much of the region , akin to the " bretton woods " regime of fixed dollar parities that emerged after the second world war .

2003年，位于圣克鲁兹的加利福尼亚大学的米歇尔多利、德意志银行的戴维福克兹-兰道和皮特嘉伯认为，事实上美元标准在这一区域盛行，与二战后出现的“布雷顿森林协定”的固定汇率相似。

In all three , the level of productivity ( measured at purchasing-power parities ) is higher in services than in industry .

这三个国家的服务业生产力水平（以购买力平价为衡量标准）均高于工业生产力水平。