The first is extremely resistant to nucleophilic reagents .

前者极端地阻抗亲核试剂。

The carbon should be susceptible to attack by a nucleophilic species .

碳容易被亲核试剂进攻。

Directing effects in electophilic aromatic substitution . Nucleophilic aromatic substitution . Strategies in the synthesis of multisubstituted benzene derivatives .

亲电性芳香取代的定位效应。亲核性芳香取代反应。合成多取代苯衍生物的策略。

Mechanisms of free-radical substitution , nucleophilic substitution , electrophilic substitution , electrophilic addition , nucleophilic addition , elimination reactions , condensation reactions and rearrangements reactions .

游离基取代，亲核取代，亲电取代，亲电加成，亲核加成，消去反应，缩合反应，分子重排反应的反应机理。

In this paper , the recent progress of organic reactions in aqueous media , such as condensation reaction , nucleophilic substitution reaction , cycloaddition reactions , barbier-type and multi-component reaction , and their applications are reviewed .

本文综述了近年来对水介质中的有机反应的研究成果，包括缩合反应、亲核加成反应、环加成反应、barbier反应和多组分反应等，及其在有机合成中的应用研究进展。