1. 给…搔痒;给…挠痒
    If you scratch yourself, you rub your fingernails against your skin because it is itching.

scratch的翻译

    e.g. He scratched himself under his arm...
           他在胳膊下面挠了挠。
    e.g. The old man lifted his cardigan to scratch his side...
           老人撩起开襟毛衣挠了挠身体的一侧。

2. 划伤;划出痕迹
    If a sharp object scratches someone or something, it makes small shallow cuts on their skin or surface.

    e.g. The branches tore at my jacket and scratched my hands and face...
           树枝刮破了我的夹克，划伤了我的手和脸。
    e.g. Knives will scratch the worktop.
           小刀会在工作台上留下划痕。

3. 划痕;擦痕
    Scratches on someone or something are small shallow cuts.

    e.g. The seven-year-old was found crying with scratches on his face and neck...
           那名 7 岁男孩被发现时正在哭泣，脸部和颈部都有划伤。
    e.g. I pointed to a number of scratches in the tile floor.
           我指向地板砖上的一道道划痕。

4. 从零开始;从头做起;白手起家
    If you do something from scratch, you do it without making use of anything that has been done before.

    e.g. Building a home from scratch can be both exciting and challenging...
           建立一个全新的家庭既让人兴奋又富于挑战。
    e.g. Hong Kong's manufacturing industry did not start from scratch in the post-war period.
           战后，香港制造业的兴起并非从零开始。

5. 苦苦琢磨;绞尽脑汁
    If you say that someone is scratching their head, you mean that they are thinking hard and trying to solve a problem or puzzle.

    e.g. The Institute spends a lot of time scratching its head about how to boost American productivity.
           该协会花费大量时间苦苦思索如何提高美国的生产力。

6. 触及表面;隔靴搔痒;浅尝辄止
    If you only scratch the surface of a subject or problem, you find out or do a small amount, but not enough to understand or solve it.

    e.g. Officials say they've only scratched the surface of the drug problem...
           官员们说他们只是触及了毒品问题的表面。
    e.g. We had only two weeks to tour Malaysia, which was hardly enough time to scratch the surface.
           我们只有两周的时间游览马来西亚，连走马观花都来不及。

7. 达到标准;合格;令人满意
    If you say that someone or something is not up to scratch, you mean that they are not good enough.

    e.g. My mother always made me feel I wasn't coming up to scratch.
           母亲总是使我觉得自己不够优秀。