1. 疼痛的
    If a part of your body is painful, it hurts because it is injured or because there is something wrong with it.

    e.g. Her glands were swollen and painful...
           她腺体肿痛。
    e.g. Sampras awaits the results of a bone scan on a painful left shin.
           桑普拉斯等待着疼痛的左腿胫骨的骨骼扫描结果。

2. （病、伤、手术等）令人疼痛的，引起疼痛的
    If something such as an illness, injury, or operation is painful, it causes you a lot of physical pain.

    e.g. ...a painful back injury...
           疼痛的背伤
    e.g. Sunburn is painful and potentially dangerous.
           晒伤不仅疼，还有潜在危险。

3. （情形、记忆或经历）痛苦的，难受的，恼人的
    Situations, memories, or experiences that are painful are difficult and unpleasant to deal with, and often make you feel sad and upset.

    e.g. Remarks like that brought back painful memories...
           那样的话勾起了痛苦的回忆。
    e.g. ...the painful transition to democracy...
           向民主的艰难转变

4. （表演或采访）令人难堪的
    If a performance or interview is painful, it is so bad that it makes you feel embarrassed for the people taking part in it.

    e.g. The interview was painful to watch.
           观看那次访谈让人难堪。